医疗卫生工作者心理健康水平现状

 为了解医疗卫生工作者心理健康水平的现状，从2017年科技工作者心理状况调查的数据中选取医疗卫生工作者样本1463人，同时抽取其他科技工作者1441人作为对照组。调查结果发现：医疗卫生工作者抑郁风险低于对照组，焦虑和自杀意念与对照组无显著差异，工作倦怠及情感衰竭度显著高于对照组；医疗卫生工作者心理健康群体差异明显，50岁后抑郁和焦虑水平均降低，正高级职称人群的抑郁和焦虑水平均较低。情绪调控方式上，压制组表现出更多的抑郁和焦虑风险；同时，医疗卫生工作者存在睡眠时间不足、运动次数和运动时长不足、工作时长过长的问题；在心理健康服务方面，医疗卫生工作者整体优于对照组。建议改善医疗卫生工作者工作时长和工作压力，倡导健康生活方式，并提高情绪调节能力。     

大入射余角CFAR检测器

雷达在大入射余角高分辨率海杂波背景下检测时,等效后向散射面积增大,大部分海杂波能量投射到少数距离单元,能量分布不均,出现功率突然增大的杂波“异常单元”,导致检测器参考窗口所处的背景环境复杂多变,传统检测器检测概率降低,虚警率及误检率增加。为解决此问题,通过参考滑窗单元的协方差矩阵构造正定矩阵,求解其矩阵范数用以估计杂波功率水平,并采用支持向量机改进传统恒虚警率(constant false alarm rate,CFAR)检测器,得到基于正定矩阵杂波功率估计训练支持向量机的改进CFAR检测器。实验结果表明,新检测器在均匀杂波、多目标环境下检测性能稳定,在杂波边缘的虚警控制能力良好。     

γ能谱Compton抑制的MCNP模拟

用Monte Carlo程序(MCNP)模拟主探头外包NaI(Tl)晶体构成阱型反Compton谱仪的输出谱. 通过调整FU卡参数, 实现对外探测器中脉冲高度的筛选, 给出反Compton抑制谱和Compton电子谱, 验证MCNP的FU卡在反符合测量中的使用方法, 并分析外探测器厚度对反Compton谱的影响.     

Coincidence and reproducibility in the EHT black hole experiment

This paper discusses some philosophical aspects related to the recent publication of the experimental results of the 2017 black hole experiment, namely the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. In this paper I present a philosophical analysis of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) black hole experiment. I first present Hacking's philosophy of experimentation. Hacking gives his taxonomy of elements of laboratory science and distinguishes a list of elements. I show that the EHT experiment conforms to major elements from Hacking's list. I then describe with the help of Galison's Philosophy of the Shadow how the EHT Collaboration created the famous black hole image. Galison outlines three stages for the reconstruction of the black hole image: Socio-Epistemology, Mechanical Objectivity, after which there is an additional Socio-Epistemology stage. I subsequently present my own interpretation of the reconstruction of the black hole image and I discuss model fitting to data. I suggest that the main method used by the EHT Collaboration to assure trust in the results of the EHT experiment is what philosophers call the Argument from Coincidence. I show that using this method for the above purpose is problematic. I present two versions of the Argument from Coincidence: Hacking's Coincidence and Cartwright's Reproducibility by which I analyse the EHT experiment. The same estimation of the mass of the black hole is reproduced in four different procedures. The EHT Collaboration concludes: the value we have converged upon is robust. I analyse the mass measurements of the black hole with the help of Cartwright's notion of robustness. I show that the EHT Collaboration construe Coincidence/Reproducibility as Technological Agnosticism and I contrast this interpretation with van Fraassen's scientific agnosticism.     

矩阵力学与波动力学等价性证明的历史分析

矩阵力学和波动力学是量子力学的两种早期形态。前者由海森堡、约当、玻恩提出,后者由薛定谔提出。1926年,薛定谔给出二者之间等价性的证明。随后,泡利、狄拉克、约当、冯·诺伊曼等人或是为等价性证明给出新的版本,或是给出了间接的论证。这两种力学现在已被表述为海森堡绘景和薛定谔绘景,而数学家近来又从量子化问题出发对其等价性做出新的考察。本文对此历史过程进行回顾分析,以评估等价性问题对物理发展的意义。     

数控机床故障分析与可靠性评价技术的研究

针对传统数控机床可靠性建模时只考虑故障间隔时间而忽略故障性质的现象，提出兼顾机械故障和电气故障的混合威布尔分布模型，进而提高模型准确度.利用最大似然法来确定混合威布尔分布模型参数，用皮尔逊相关系数来确定数控机床各故障时间之间的关系.并通过K-S方法对模型进行检验， 最后确定其符合混合威布尔分布，并运用可靠性评定方法得出数控机床的平均无故障时间.     

桉树生态营林的理论探索与实践

桉树生态环境问题是世界性难题,迫切需要开展生态营林理论的探索与实践。本文通过系统地研究营林措施与人工林生态服务功能关系的变化规律,分析不同营林措施对桉树人工林生态服务功能的作用机制,并通过桉树生态营林实践,建立起现代桉树生态营林理论体系。文中提出生态营林的定义、生态营林原则和生态营林的理论体系。6年的生态营林实践表明,采取"低干扰、低投入、低污染"的生态营林方式,获得"高产量、高价值、高效率"的营林效果,实现长短结合、一般用材与珍贵用材结合、木材生产与生态服务协同提升的生态营林目标。该理论是解决当今桉树人工林木材生产和生态服务失衡以及生物安全、土壤安全、生态安全问题,实现高质量发展的重要理论基础,对推动我国现代林业高质量发展具有重要的指导作用。     

The total cost of misclassification in credit scoring: A comparison of generalized linear models and generalized additive models

This study examines whether the evaluation of a bankruptcy prediction model should take into account the total cost of misclassification. For this purpose, we introduce and apply a validity measure in credit scoring that is based on the total cost of misclassification. Specifically, we use comprehensive data from the annual financial statements of a sample of German companies and analyze the total cost of misclassification by comparing a generalized linear model and a generalized additive model with regard to their ability to predict a company's probability of default. On the basis of these data, the validity measure we introduce shows that, compared to generalized linear models, generalized additive models can reduce substantially the extent of misclassification and the total cost that this entails. The validity measure we introduce is informative and justifies the argument that generalized additive models should be preferred, although such models are more complex than generalized linear models. We conclude that to balance a model's validity and complexity, it is necessary to take into account the total cost of misclassification.     

高等职业教育产教融合政策工具 分类及优化路径--基于2010—2019年国家政策文本的量化分析

产教融合是现代职业教育体系构建的重要内容,政府应采取有效的政策工具加以推进。基于政策工具分类视角,将我国国家层面颁布的高等职业教育产教融合政策划分为供给面、需求面和环境面3类政策工具。通过对2010—2019年69份313条政策文本的量化分析,可视化展示3类政策工具占比情况。结果显示:供给面政策工具占据主导地位,需求面政策工具功能彰显,环境面政策工具作用稳定,但也存在供给面政策工具投入长、压力大,需求面政策工具引导多、示范少,环境面政策工具执行力不足、落地难等问题。“十四五”时期,需要以精准改革为核心完善供给面政策工具,借助其示范性引领作用促进产教双方深度融合,打破组织性壁垒,加大环境面政策执行力度。